Industrial Air Purification Systems
However, after the industrial revolution with the advent of industrial zoning, the development of heavy industry, the growth of consumption of petroleum products, pollution of nature, and in particular the atmosphere, became global.
By the end of the 20th century, at least in developed countries, there came an awareness of the need to clean the air, and an understanding that the well-being of not only individual countries, but also of humans as a species depends on the environment.
A global movement for legislative restrictions on emissions into the atmosphere began, which was eventually enshrined in the Kyoto Protocol (adopted in 1997), which obliged signatory countries to set quotas for harmful emissions into the atmosphere.
In addition to legislation, technologies are also being improved - now, thanks to modern air purification devices, it is possible to capture up to 96-99% of harmful substances.
Applications of Industrial Air Purification Systems
Industrial Air Purification Systems in one form or another are present in every industrial production facility. But they are especially relevant for:
Metallurgical enterprises that emit into the atmosphere:
Ferrous metallurgy - solid particles (soot), sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, manganese, phosphorus, mercury vapor, lead, phenol, ammonia, benzene, etc.
Non-ferrous metallurgy - solid particles, sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, other toxic substances.
Mining and processing plants that pollute the atmosphere with soot, nitrogen, sulfur and carbon oxides, formaldehyde;
Oil refineries — during operation, they emit hydrogen sulfide, sulfur, nitrogen and carbon oxides into the atmosphere;
Chemical industries that emit highly toxic waste — sulfur and nitrogen oxides, chlorine, ammonia, fluorine compounds, nitrous gases, etc.;
Power plants (thermal and nuclear power plants) — solid particles, carbon, sulfur and nitrogen oxides.
The tasks performed by Industrial Air Purification Systems are reduced to:
Catching particles — residues of combustion products, dust, aerosol particles, etc. for their subsequent disposal.
Sifting out foreign impurities — steam, gases, radioactive components.
Capture of valuable particles - sifting out from the bulk of particles, the preservation of which has an economic justification, for example, oxides of valuable metals.
Classification of the main methods of air purification
It is worth noting right away that there is no universal method, therefore, enterprises often use multi-stage air purification methods, when several methods are used to achieve the best effect.
Types of air purification can be classified by the method of operation:
Chemical methods of cleaning polluted air (catalytic and sorption cleaning methods)
Mechanical methods of air purification (centrifugal cleaning, water cleaning, wet cleaning)
Physicochemical methods of air purification (condensation, filtration, sedimentation)
And by the type of pollution:
Devices for cleaning air from dust pollution
Industrial Air Purification Systems
Now let's look at the methods themselves.
By the end of the 20th century, at least in developed countries, there was an awareness of the need to clean the air, and an understanding that the well-being of not only individual countries, but also humans as a species depends on ecology.
A global movement for legislative restrictions on emissions into the atmosphere began, which was eventually enshrined in the Kyoto Protocol (adopted in 1997), which obliged signatory countries to set quotas for harmful emissions into the atmosphere.
In addition to legislation, technologies are also being improved - now, thanks to modern air purification devices, it is possible to capture up to 96-99% of harmful substances.
Industrial Air Purification Systems
One of the methods of air purification is Adsorption - the process of absorbing gas from the air flow by a solid substance (adsorbent). Today, the most popular adsorbents are activated carbon and oxide adsorbents. As in the case of absorption, the quality of purification depends on the source material, the adsorbent used, as well as on physical indicators - temperature and pressure.
Gas air stream vent dry scrubber — a device for cleaning air by adsorption, is a container filled with an adsorbent. The contaminated gas flow is supplied under pressure to the working surface, the purified gas is discharged through a pipe in the upper part of the device. It is worth noting that the absorption capacity of the adsorber is limited, here we can draw an analogy with a filter that gets clogged over time. To achieve continuous operation, there are dual adsorption units, which consist of two containers operating alternately - while the gas is being purified in one container, the adsorbent is replaced in the other and vice versa.